The United Nations declared October 11 as International Day of the Girl Child to promote girls' rights and address gender inequalities.
📍 Global
Pakistani activist Malala Yousafzai was shot by the Taliban for advocating girls' education, sparking global outrage and support.
📍 Mingora, Pakistan
The United Nations observed the first International Day of the Girl to highlight challenges faced by girls worldwide.
📍 Global
*Saturday Night Live* debuted on NBC, becoming a cultural icon and launching the careers of numerous comedians.
📍 New York City, United States
NASA launched Apollo 7, the first successful crewed mission in the Apollo program, restoring confidence after the Apollo 1 tragedy.
📍 Cape Kennedy, United States
Astronaut Edward White performed the first American spacewalk during the Gemini 4 mission.
📍 Low Earth Orbit
Pope John XXIII convened the Second Vatican Council, initiating major reforms in the Catholic Church's practices and relations with the modern world.
📍 Vatican City
Pope John XXIII announced plans to convene the Second Vatican Council, aiming to modernize the Catholic Church.
📍 Vatican City
Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony, a symbol of Soviet resistance during WWII, premiered in Moscow.
📍 Moscow, Soviet Union
Germany conducted the first successful flight of a jet engine-powered aircraft, marking a new era in aviation.
📍 Germany
Boeing introduced the first commercial airplane with a pressurized cabin, improving passenger comfort and safety.
📍 United States
*The Jack Benny Program* premiered on radio, becoming one of the most influential comedy shows in broadcasting history.
📍 United States
The iron lung was used for the first time to treat polio patients, revolutionizing respiratory care.
📍 Boston, United States
Hubert Cecil Booth demonstrated the first motorized vacuum cleaner, revolutionizing household cleaning.
📍 London, United Kingdom
The Second Boer War erupted between the British Empire and Boer republics in South Africa, marking a key conflict in colonial history.
📍 South Africa
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) was founded to promote historic preservation, education, and patriotism in the United States.
📍 Washington D.C., United States
LaMarcus Adna Thompson received a U.S. patent for the roller coaster, laying the foundation for modern amusement parks.
📍 United States
Eleanor Roosevelt, influential First Lady, diplomat, and human rights activist, was born in New York City.
📍 New York City, United States
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) was founded to coordinate global telegraphy standards, later expanding to modern communications.
📍 Paris, France
William Harvey Carney became the first African-American to be awarded the U.S. Medal of Honor for his bravery during the Civil War.
📍 United States