The Berlin Wall, symbolizing the Cold War division of East and West Germany, was opened, leading to German reunification and the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe.
📍 Berlin, Germany
Charles de Gaulle, leader of Free France during WWII and founder of the Fifth Republic, died at his home in Colombey-les-Deux-Églises.
📍 France
*Rolling Stone*, a magazine focusing on music, politics, and culture, published its first issue in San Francisco.
📍 San Francisco, California, USA
The Boeing 727, a key aircraft in the development of commercial aviation, completed its first successful test flight.
📍 Renton, Washington, USA
Cambodia declared independence from French colonial rule, ending nearly a century of foreign control.
📍 Phnom Penh, Cambodia
The United States National Security Council held its first meeting, marking a key development in U.S. defense and foreign policy coordination during the Cold War.
📍 Washington, D.C., USA
Nazi forces launched a coordinated attack against Jewish communities across Germany and Austria, marking a major escalation in anti-Semitic persecution.
📍 Germany and Austria
László Bíró received a patent for the modern ballpoint pen, revolutionizing writing tools worldwide.
📍 Argentina
Carl Sagan, renowned for popularizing science through works like *Cosmos*, was born in New York.
📍 Brooklyn, New York, USA
Anne Sexton, Pulitzer Prize-winning poet known for her confessional style, was born in Massachusetts.
📍 Newton, Massachusetts, USA
Adolf Hitler’s failed coup attempt in Munich ended with his arrest, bringing temporary halt to Nazi ambitions.
📍 Munich, Germany
Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicated, marking the end of the German Empire and the establishment of the Weimar Republic following World War I.
📍 Berlin, Germany
Hedy Lamarr, famed actress and co-inventor of frequency-hopping technology foundational to modern wireless communication, was born in Austria.
📍 Vienna, Austria
The Great Lakes Storm, one of the deadliest natural disasters in Great Lakes history, began, sinking ships and causing over 250 deaths.
📍 Great Lakes Region, USA/Canada
Ivan Turgenev, renowned Russian novelist and playwright known for *Fathers and Sons*, died in France.
📍 Bougival, France
The Great Boston Fire destroyed much of the city’s business district, causing widespread devastation and prompting improvements in firefighting techniques.
📍 Boston, Massachusetts, USA
*Scientific American*, the oldest continuously published magazine in the U.S., began its weekly publication focusing on scientific discoveries and innovations.
📍 New York City, USA
The Covent Garden Theatre in London was destroyed by fire, prompting a major rebuild of one of the city's premier cultural venues.
📍 London, England
Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the French Directory in the Coup of 18 Brumaire, marking the rise of his dictatorship.
📍 Paris, France
Madame du Barry, former mistress of King Louis XV, was executed by guillotine during the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution.
📍 Paris, France