The Paris Agreement was adopted by 196 parties at COP21, committing nations to limit global warming to well below 2ยฐC above pre-industrial levels and pursue efforts to limit the increase to 1.5ยฐC.
๐ Paris, France
The U.S. Senate convicted and removed Judge G. Thomas Porteous for corruption and perjury, marking the rare impeachment and removal of a federal judge in American history.
๐ Washington, D.C., United States
Heydar Aliyev, former president of Azerbaijan and key post-Soviet leader who shaped the nation's political stability and energy strategy, died after over a decade in power.
๐ Cleveland, Ohio, United States
The U.S. Supreme Court issued its final ruling in Bush v. Gore, halting Floridaโs presidential election recount and effectively awarding the presidency to George W. Bush over Al Gore.
๐ Washington, D.C., United States
Joseph Heller, the American author best known for the satirical war novel 'Catch-22', died at age 76. His work coined the term and influenced antiwar literature and discourse.
๐ East Hampton, New York, United States
Frank Sinatra, legendary American singer and actor whose influence spanned music, film, and culture, passed away on his 82nd birthday. He left behind a legacy of timeless hits and iconic performances.
๐ Los Angeles, California, United States
Japan inaugurated the Akashi Kaikyล Bridge, the longest suspension bridge in the world at the time, spanning 1,991 meters and connecting Kobe to Awaji Island across the Akashi Strait.
๐ Hyลgo Prefecture, Japan
The UN Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment entered into force, strengthening international legal frameworks to prevent and punish torture worldwide.
๐ New York City, United States
During NASAโs Apollo 17 mission, astronauts used the Lunar Roving Vehicle for the final time on the Moon, collecting samples and performing scientific tasks before returning to Earth.
๐ Taurus-Littrow Valley, Moon
India formally declared military success over Pakistan in the 1971 war, leading to the creation of Bangladesh. The conflict reshaped South Asian geopolitics and ended in Pakistanโs surrender days later.
๐ New Delhi, India
Three years after independence, Kenya introduced the Kenyan Shilling (KES) as its official national currency, replacing the East African shilling and asserting financial sovereignty.
๐ Nairobi, Kenya
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) was created to coordinate global development efforts and promote sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and human development worldwide.
๐ New York City, United States
Kenya officially gained independence from British colonial rule and became a sovereign nation with Jomo Kenyatta as its first prime minister, marking a key moment in Africaโs decolonization movement.
๐ Nairobi, Kenya
On the day of its independence, Kenya officially adopted its national flag, incorporating black, red, and green stripes with a Maasai shield and spears, symbolizing unity and resistance.
๐ Nairobi, Kenya
UNESCO adopted the Convention Against Discrimination in Education, establishing legal standards to ensure equality in access to education regardless of race, gender, or social status.
๐ Paris, France
Rajinikanth, one of the most influential actors in Indian cinema and a cultural icon known for his unique style and mass appeal, was born in Bangalore, India.
๐ Bangalore, India
Guglielmo Marconi successfully received the first transatlantic wireless signal from Cornwall to Newfoundland, revolutionizing global communication and confirming the feasibility of wireless telegraphy.
๐ St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Norwegian painter Edvard Munch, best known for his iconic expressionist work 'The Scream', was born. His haunting visual style influenced modern art and psychological expressionism.
๐ Lรธten, Norway
Gustave Flaubert, one of Franceโs most influential novelists and a pioneer of literary realism, was born. His most famous work, 'Madame Bovary', challenged norms and redefined narrative technique.
๐ Rouen, France
Westminster Bridge, one of the earliest permanent bridges over the River Thames, officially opened to traffic, enhancing connectivity and urban development in central London.
๐ London, United Kingdom