A series of coordinated terrorist attacks across Paris, including the Bataclan theatre, killed 130 people and injured hundreds, marking one of France's deadliest peacetime tragedies.
📍 Paris, France
Ali Hassan al-Majid, known as 'Chemical Ali' for his role in chemical attacks against Kurds, was captured by U.S. forces during the Iraq War.
📍 Iraq
The term 'Internet' appeared for the first time in a technical paper about TCP/IP protocols, marking the conceptual birth of modern networking.
📍 USA
The Battle of Ia Drang, the first major engagement between U.S. forces and North Vietnamese Army troops, began, signaling a new phase in the Vietnam War.
📍 Ia Drang Valley, Vietnam
Jack Ruby shot and killed Lee Harvey Oswald, the accused assassin of President John F. Kennedy, in front of live television cameras.
📍 Dallas, Texas, USA
Whoopi Goldberg, acclaimed actress, comedian, and one of the few entertainers to win an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award, was born in New York.
📍 New York City, USA
Germany deployed the first guided missile in combat, targeting Allied ships in the Mediterranean during World War II.
📍 Mediterranean Sea
U.S. forces landed in North Africa as part of Operation Torch, marking the first major American engagement in the European-North African theater of WWII.
📍 North Africa
The U.S. government approved the standardized highway numbering system, leading to the creation of iconic routes like Route 66.
📍 USA
Gioachino Rossini, famed composer of operas such as *The Barber of Seville* and *William Tell*, died in Paris.
📍 Paris, France
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in *Ex parte Milligan* that military tribunals cannot try civilians when civil courts are open, strengthening civil liberties.
📍 Washington, D.C., USA
German chemists Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter discovered the chemical element Indium, expanding the periodic table.
📍 Freiberg, Germany
British forces relieved the Siege of Lucknow, a pivotal event during the Indian Rebellion of 1857 against British rule.
📍 Lucknow, India
William Lassell discovered two of Uranus' moons, Ariel and Umbriel, expanding knowledge of the solar system.
📍 Liverpool, England
Scottish novelist Robert Louis Stevenson, famous for *Treasure Island* and *Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde*, was born in Edinburgh.
📍 Edinburgh, Scotland
Astronomer Tycho Brahe observed a supernova in the constellation Cassiopeia, challenging the belief in an unchanging celestial realm.
📍 Denmark
King Edward III of England, whose reign saw the start of the Hundred Years' War, died after 50 years on the throne.
📍 Sheen Palace, England
Xerxes I ascended to the throne of the Persian Empire, later leading invasions against Greece during the Greco-Persian Wars.
📍 Persepolis, Persia
Saint Augustine, one of the most influential theologians and philosophers in Christian history, died in Hippo Regius.
📍 Hippo Regius, Roman North Africa
Assyrian astronomers recorded one of the earliest known solar eclipses, marking a significant development in ancient astronomy.
📍 Assyria (modern-day Iraq)