Leka I, heir to the Albanian throne and political exile, died in Tirana. Though he never ruled, he remained a symbolic figure in Albania’s monarchical history and post-communist transition.
📍 Tirana, Albania
Giulio Andreotti began his third term as Prime Minister of Italy, continuing his influential and controversial political career during a period of corruption scandals and institutional reform.
📍 Rome, Italy
A magnitude 6.1 earthquake struck near Manzini in Swaziland (now Eswatini), causing casualties and infrastructure damage in one of the most significant seismic events in southern Africa.
📍 Manzini, Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
NASA's Voyager 2 became the first spacecraft to fly past Uranus, sending back detailed images and data that vastly expanded human knowledge of the distant gas giant and its moons.
📍 Uranus (space)
Apple launched the Macintosh, the first successful mass-market computer with a graphical user interface and mouse. Its introduction revolutionized personal computing and user-centered design.
📍 Cupertino, California, United States
The U.S. Supreme Court issued its landmark decision in Terry v. Ohio, ruling that police could stop and frisk suspects with reasonable suspicion, shaping modern search and seizure law.
📍 Washington, D.C., United States
Sir Winston Churchill, Britain’s wartime prime minister and a central figure in 20th-century history, died in London. He led the UK through World War II and later received the Nobel Prize in Literature.
📍 London, United Kingdom
The United Nations General Assembly met for the first time in London, with 51 nations in attendance. This event marked the beginning of formal international collaboration under the new postwar world order.
📍 London, United Kingdom
The Turkish Grand National Assembly passed reforms removing all remaining privileges and titles associated with the Ottoman caliphate, completing a major step in Atatürk's secularization of the state.
📍 Ankara, Turkey
The Treaty of Tartu was signed between Soviet Russia and Estonia, officially recognizing Estonia's independence and ending hostilities from the Estonian War of Independence.
📍 Tartu, Estonia
The U.S. Congress formally reorganized Alaska as a U.S. territory with a legislature, enabling greater local governance ahead of its eventual statehood in 1959.
📍 Washington, D.C., United States / Alaska Territory
The first official Boy Scout troop in the United States was chartered in Burnside, Kentucky, shortly after the Scouting movement began spreading from Britain, emphasizing youth leadership and outdoor education.
📍 Burnside, Kentucky, United States
British Army officer Robert Baden-Powell began publishing 'Scouting for Boys', which laid the foundation of the global Scouting movement and youth leadership training programs worldwide.
📍 London, United Kingdom
German aircraft designer Ernst Heinkel was born. He would later develop the He 178, the world’s first turbojet-powered aircraft, significantly advancing aviation technology during the 20th century.
📍 Grunbach, German Empire
James W. Marshall discovered gold at Sutter’s Mill in Coloma, California, igniting the California Gold Rush. The event brought hundreds of thousands to the region and transformed the U.S. economy and westward expansion.
📍 Coloma, California, United States
Théodore Géricault, best known for his painting 'The Raft of the Medusa,' died at age 32. He played a key role in the emergence of French Romanticism and influenced generations of artists.
📍 Paris, France
Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling, a major figure in German idealism and Romantic philosophy, was born. His work influenced existentialism and later philosophical movements.
📍 Leonberg, Duchy of Württemberg
King Henry VIII of England died at age 55, ending a reign marked by religious upheaval and the creation of the Church of England. His rule reshaped English monarchy and the Reformation in Europe.
📍 Whitehall Palace, London, United Kingdom
Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph of Córdoba, establishing an independent caliphate in al-Andalus and signaling a golden age of Islamic culture, science, and architecture in medieval Spain.
📍 Córdoba, Al-Andalus (modern Spain)
Roman Emperor Caligula was assassinated by members of the Praetorian Guard, ending a reign of excess and cruelty. His uncle Claudius was declared emperor shortly after, ushering in a new phase of the Roman Empire.
📍 Rome, Roman Empire