The United Nations established World Cities Day to promote sustainable urban development and raise awareness of urbanization challenges.
📍 Global
Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her bodyguards, triggering nationwide unrest and global shock.
📍 New Delhi, India
Egypt and Israel, under U.S. mediation, agreed to initiate peace talks following the Camp David Accords, marking a key step toward Middle East peace.
📍 Washington, D.C., USA
The Apollo 11 command module, which carried humans to the Moon, was first put on public display at the Smithsonian Institution.
📍 Washington, D.C., USA
British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) began the world’s first commercial all-jet airliner service with the de Havilland Comet.
📍 London, England
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was founded to foster international collaboration in education, science, and culture.
📍 London, England
The construction of Mount Rushmore National Memorial was completed, featuring the carved faces of four U.S. presidents.
📍 South Dakota, USA
The Battle of Britain, the first major military campaign fought entirely by air forces, ended with a decisive British victory over Nazi Germany.
📍 United Kingdom
British forces successfully used radar technology in combat during WWII, revolutionizing military defense systems.
📍 United Kingdom
Harry Houdini, famed magician and escape artist known worldwide for his daring stunts, died on Halloween.
📍 Detroit, Michigan, USA
Egon Schiele, influential Austrian painter known for his intense expressionist works, died during the Spanish flu pandemic.
📍 Vienna, Austria
Nevada was admitted to the Union as the 36th state during the American Civil War, boosting Union political strength.
📍 Nevada, USA
Henry Bessemer produced the first batch of steel using his revolutionary process, transforming construction and manufacturing industries.
📍 Sheffield, England
Mount Erebus, the southernmost active volcano on Earth, was discovered during a British expedition to Antarctica.
📍 Antarctica
London introduced its first public gaslight, revolutionizing urban lighting and paving the way for modern street illumination.
📍 London, England
Mount Vesuvius erupted, reminding Europe of its destructive power after the ancient disaster that buried Pompeii.
📍 Naples, Italy
The term 'Halloween' appeared in print for the first time, marking the evolution of the ancient Celtic festival into a recognized cultural event.
📍 Scotland
Johannes Vermeer, renowned for his masterful use of light in paintings like 'Girl with a Pearl Earring,' was born in Delft.
📍 Delft, Netherlands
Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition became the first European fleet to enter the Pacific Ocean via the Strait of Magellan, marking a milestone in global exploration.
📍 Strait of Magellan, Chile
Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the church door in Wittenberg, challenging the Catholic Church and initiating the Protestant Reformation.
📍 Wittenberg, Germany