The United Nations established July 30 as World Day Against Trafficking in Persons to raise awareness about human trafficking and promote the protection of victims worldwide.
📍 Global
Ingmar Bergman, one of the most influential filmmakers of the 20th century, died. His psychologically profound films, such as *The Seventh Seal* and *Persona*, reshaped global cinema.
📍 Fårö, Sweden
India successfully launched INSAT-1B, its first fully operational communications satellite, marking a milestone in the country’s space and telecommunications development.
📍 Cape Canaveral, Florida, United States
Hilary Swank, American actress acclaimed for her Oscar-winning performances in *Boys Don’t Cry* and *Million Dollar Baby*, was born. She is recognized for her intense and transformative roles.
📍 Lincoln, Nebraska, United States
NASA’s Apollo 15 astronauts became the first humans to drive a vehicle on the Moon using the Lunar Roving Vehicle. This expanded surface exploration and data collection capability.
📍 Hadley–Apennine region, Moon
Christopher Nolan, British-American filmmaker known for directing acclaimed films such as *The Dark Knight*, *Inception*, and *Oppenheimer*, was born. He is noted for his cerebral storytelling and technical innovation.
📍 London, United Kingdom
Buddy Guy Sr., father of legendary blues guitarist Buddy Guy, passed away. While not a public figure, his family legacy deeply influenced one of the most iconic blues musicians in history.
📍 Lettsworth, Louisiana, United States
Joyce Cary, Anglo-Irish author best known for *The Horse's Mouth*, died. His work explored themes of colonialism, art, and political struggle with philosophical depth and literary experimentation.
📍 Oxford, United Kingdom
Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman instrumental in shaping the modern petroleum industry and known as 'Mr. Five Percent' for his stake in Middle Eastern oil, died. His vast fortune funded global cultural institutions.
📍 Lisbon, Portugal
Arnold Schwarzenegger, Austrian-American actor, bodybuilder, and 38th Governor of California, was born. He rose to global fame through films like *The Terminator* and later served two terms in public office.
📍 Thal, Styria, Austria
The United Nations Security Council held its first official session, initiating its role in maintaining international peace and security. It remains one of the most powerful organs of the UN.
📍 New York City, United States
The USS Indianapolis was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine, leading to one of the deadliest naval disasters in U.S. history. Hundreds of survivors endured days at sea before rescue.
📍 Philippine Sea
Anton de Kom, Surinamese writer and anti-colonial activist, died in a Nazi concentration camp. His book *We Slaves of Suriname* is a foundational text in Caribbean anti-colonial literature.
📍 Sandbostel, Germany
Christine McVie, singer-songwriter and keyboardist of Fleetwood Mac, was born. Her songwriting and vocals were central to the band’s success, especially during its iconic *Rumours* era.
📍 Bouth, Lancashire, England
Henry Moore, British sculptor renowned for his semi-abstract monumental works in bronze and marble, was born. His public art became iconic around the world for its organic forms and human themes.
📍 Castleford, West Yorkshire, England
Otto Lilienthal, German aviation pioneer known as the 'Glider King,' died from injuries sustained in a glider crash. His work influenced the Wright brothers and early flight development.
📍 Berlin, Germany
Emily Post, American author best known for her book *Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics, and at Home*, was born. She became a leading voice on manners and social behavior in the 20th century.
📍 Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Henry Ford, American industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company, was born. He revolutionized manufacturing through the moving assembly line and made automobiles accessible to the masses.
📍 Greenfield Township, Michigan, United States
Emily Brontë, English novelist and poet best known for her only novel *Wuthering Heights*, was born. Her work is now considered a classic of English literature and Gothic fiction.
📍 Thornton, West Yorkshire, England
During religious and political unrest, Hussite protesters threw Catholic council members out of the window of Prague’s New Town Hall. This marked the beginning of the Hussite Wars.
📍 Prague, Bohemia (Czech Republic)