On This Day in History

March 31

Try searching: king | independence | constitution | protest | royal | science
⏮️ Previous Day Next Day ⏭️
2014
Tragedy

U.S. General Motors Announces Recall of 2.6 Million Cars for Ignition Defect

General Motors recalled 2.6 million vehicles over a deadly ignition switch defect linked to dozens of deaths. The scandal led to sweeping reforms in U.S. vehicle safety oversight and corporate accountability.

📍 Detroit, Michigan, United States

Tragedy Automotive United States
2011
Politics

Estonia Adopts Euro as Official Currency

Estonia officially adopted the euro as its national currency, further integrating into the European Union's economic framework and signaling its commitment to the European monetary system.

📍 Tallinn, Estonia

Politics Currency European Union
2003
Politics

The Republic of Malta Becomes a Member of the European Union

Malta signed the Treaty of Accession to the European Union, finalizing its journey toward EU membership. It formally joined the EU in 2004, influencing Mediterranean and regional politics.

📍 Valletta, Malta

Politics European Union Malta
1995
Tragedy

Selena Quintanilla-Pérez Murdered by Fan Club President

Selena, the 'Queen of Tejano Music', was tragically murdered by the president of her fan club. Her death shocked the Latin American community and solidified her legacy as a cultural icon.

📍 Corpus Christi, Texas, United States

Tragedy Music Latino Culture
1987
Politics

US Navy Transfers First Aircraft Carrier to China

The United States Navy decommissioned and transferred the USS Belleau Wood to the Republic of China (Taiwan), strengthening regional defense alliances amid rising tensions in East Asia.

📍 Taipei, Taiwan

Politics Military Taiwan United States
1984
Science

Release of the First Apple Macintosh System Software Update

Apple released the first system update for the Macintosh operating system, setting a precedent for regular software patching and laying the foundation for modern OS maintenance cycles.

📍 Cupertino, California, United States

Science Technology Apple
1980
Politics

United States Establishes Department of Education

The U.S. Department of Education was officially established as a Cabinet-level agency, centralizing federal efforts in improving and overseeing the American educational system.

📍 Washington, D.C., United States

Politics Education United States
1977
Culture

J.R.R. Tolkien Publishes 'The Silmarillion' Posthumously

J.R.R. Tolkien’s son Christopher released 'The Silmarillion', a posthumous collection of his father’s mythological writings that expanded the lore of Middle-earth and deepened the legacy of modern fantasy literature.

📍 London, United Kingdom

Culture Literature Fantasy
1966
Politics

César Chávez Leads First National Farm Workers Strike

Labor leader César Chávez led the United Farm Workers in the first national farm workers strike in the U.S., demanding better wages and conditions for agricultural laborers, and becoming a symbol of civil rights activism.

📍 Delano, California, United States

Politics Labor Rights Civil Rights
1959
Culture

Construction Begins on the Sydney Opera House

Construction officially began on the Sydney Opera House, which would become one of the most iconic architectural landmarks in the world and a global symbol of Australia.

📍 Sydney, Australia

Culture Architecture Australia
1954
Politics

The Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property Comes into Force

The Hague Convention aimed at protecting cultural heritage during armed conflict came into force, becoming the first international treaty of its kind. It influenced global standards on preservation of heritage.

📍 The Hague, Netherlands

Politics Cultural Heritage UNESCO
1953
Politics

LaGuardia Airport Officially Renamed

New York Municipal Airport was officially renamed LaGuardia Airport, honoring former mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia and becoming one of the busiest air transport hubs in the world.

📍 New York City, United States

Politics Transportation United States
1952
Politics

Japan Ratifies Treaty of San Francisco Restoring Sovereignty

Japan ratified the Treaty of San Francisco, officially restoring its sovereignty after World War II. The treaty ended the Allied occupation and laid the foundation for Japan's postwar recovery and international reintegration.

📍 Tokyo, Japan

Politics Postwar Japan Sovereignty
1943
War

Bismarck Sea Battle Ends in Allied Victory

The Battle of the Bismarck Sea concluded with a decisive Allied victory over Japanese forces, showcasing the effectiveness of air power in naval warfare during World War II.

📍 Bismarck Sea, Papua New Guinea

War World War II Pacific Theater
1941
War

Yugoslavia Joins the Axis Powers in World War II

Under pressure from Nazi Germany, Yugoslavia initially signed the Tripartite Pact to join the Axis Powers. The agreement sparked massive internal resistance and a coup d’état days later.

📍 Belgrade, Yugoslavia

War World War II Axis Powers
1918
Politics

Daylight Saving Time Officially Instituted in the United States

The United States implemented Daylight Saving Time for the first time, aiming to conserve fuel during World War I. It became a recurring seasonal adjustment adopted by many countries globally.

📍 Washington, D.C., United States

Politics World War I Energy Policy
1889
Culture

Eiffel Tower Officially Opened to the Public

The Eiffel Tower was officially opened in Paris as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair. At 300 meters tall, it became the tallest man-made structure in the world at the time and a global symbol of innovation.

📍 Paris, France

Culture Architecture France
1870
Science

Tower Subway Opens Beneath the River Thames

The Tower Subway, one of the world’s earliest underground tunnels, opened beneath London’s River Thames. It pioneered techniques later used in modern subway and tunnel engineering globally.

📍 London, United Kingdom

Science Engineering Infrastructure
1855
Culture

Death of Charlotte Brontë, Author of Jane Eyre

Charlotte Brontë, celebrated English novelist and author of 'Jane Eyre', died at the age of 38. Her work left a lasting influence on feminist literature and Victorian fiction.

📍 Haworth, England, United Kingdom

Culture Literature United Kingdom
1790
Politics

First U.S. Census Conducted

The United States completed its first national census, recording nearly 4 million people. It laid the foundation for representative democracy and modern population data systems worldwide.

📍 United States

Politics Census Demographics