NASA’s Mars Global Surveyor began its aerobraking maneuver to enter a stable orbit around Mars. The mission provided a detailed map of the planet and revolutionized our understanding of Martian geology.
📍 Mars Orbit
A modern reconstruction of Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre opened to the public in London, replicating the original 1599 design and reviving Elizabethan theatre for contemporary audiences.
📍 London, United Kingdom
Microsoft released MS-DOS 1.0, its first operating system for IBM personal computers. MS-DOS became the foundation for early computing and helped establish Microsoft as a tech giant.
📍 Seattle, Washington, United States
The Canadian Parliament passed legislation to abolish the death penalty for civilian crimes, replacing it with life imprisonment. The move marked a major shift in Canadian criminal justice policy.
📍 Ottawa, Canada
The Cray-1 supercomputer, the world’s fastest at the time, was publicly demonstrated. Its revolutionary design set a new standard in high-performance computing and launched the supercomputing era.
📍 Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico, United States
Saul Bellow received the National Book Award for his novel 'Herzog,' a defining work in American postwar literature that explored themes of alienation and identity with philosophical depth and wit.
📍 New York City, United States
An intense aftershock struck Anchorage, Alaska, following the massive 1964 earthquake earlier that year. The seismic event reminded residents of the ongoing geological instability in the region.
📍 Anchorage, Alaska, United States
German Waffen-SS troops massacred 642 civilians in the French village of Oradour-sur-Glane. The atrocity became a symbol of Nazi brutality during their retreat from France in World War II.
📍 Oradour-sur-Glane, France
Benito Mussolini declared war on France and the United Kingdom, formally entering Italy into World War II as part of the Axis powers. The move dramatically expanded the conflict across Europe and Africa.
📍 Rome, Italy
Prince Philip, consort of Queen Elizabeth II and the longest-serving royal consort in British history, was born on the Greek island of Corfu. He played a prominent role in public life for over seven decades.
📍 Corfu, Greece
John Alcock and Arthur Whitten Brown took off in a Vickers Vimy aircraft for the first nonstop transatlantic flight, which they successfully completed on June 15. It marked a milestone in aviation history.
📍 St. John's, Newfoundland
Richard Strauss's controversial opera 'Salome' was performed for the first time in Graz, Austria. Its provocative themes and musical innovation made it a landmark in early 20th-century opera.
📍 Graz, Austria
King Alexander I of Serbia and Queen Draga were assassinated during a military coup. The event marked a dramatic shift in Serbian politics and helped ignite regional instability in the Balkans.
📍 Belgrade, Serbia
Abraham Lincoln was formally nominated as the Republican Party’s candidate for President of the United States. His election later that year set the stage for the American Civil War.
📍 Chicago, Illinois, United States
The Congress of Vienna concluded after redrawing Europe’s borders post-Napoleon. It aimed to restore monarchies and establish a balance of power, influencing European diplomacy for decades.
📍 Vienna, Austria
Napoleon’s army began its final campaign by moving into Belgium, setting the stage for the Battle of Waterloo. This campaign would mark the end of his rule and the Napoleonic Wars.
📍 Belgium
President John Adams became the first U.S. president to move into the new federal capital, Washington, D.C., beginning the permanent seat of the U.S. government in the District of Columbia.
📍 Washington, D.C., United States
Portugal and Spain signed the Treaty of Lisbon, officially ending the Portuguese Restoration War. The treaty confirmed Portuguese independence after 60 years under Spanish rule.
📍 Lisbon, Portugal
Portugal observes its National Day on the anniversary of the death of national poet Luís de Camões, author of 'Os Lusíadas'. The holiday honors Portuguese heritage and cultural pride worldwide.
📍 Lisbon, Portugal
Portugal and England signed the Treaty of Windsor, establishing a formal alliance that remains the oldest active diplomatic alliance in the world.
📍 Windsor, England