The United Nations recognized June 30 as International Asteroid Day to raise global awareness of asteroid hazards and promote strategies for planetary defense.
๐ Global
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Whole Womanโs Health v. Hellerstedt that Texas restrictions on abortion clinics imposed an undue burden, reaffirming and clarifying protections under Roe v. Wade.
๐ Washington, D.C., United States
China successfully launched Gaofen-3, a high-resolution radar satellite used for maritime and disaster monitoring. It enhanced China's Earth observation capabilities for environmental and national security applications.
๐ Taiyuan, China
Asteroid 2011 MD passed within 12,000 kilometers of Earth's surface, closer than many satellites. The flyby highlighted the importance of near-Earth object monitoring for planetary defense.
๐ Earthโs Orbit
Microsoft officially released Windows 98 to global markets, introducing improvements in user interface, internet integration, and hardware support. It became one of the most widely used operating systems of its time.
๐ Redmond, Washington, United States
The Marshall Islands, a former U.S. trust territory, was admitted to the United Nations, solidifying its sovereign status and participation in global diplomacy.
๐ New York City, United States
East Germany adopted the Deutsche Mark as its official currency, marking a crucial step toward full reunification with West Germany. The move symbolized economic alignment and political integration.
๐ Berlin, Germany
Romania passed legislation to legalize abortion, reversing the harsh anti-abortion policies under Nicolae Ceauศescu. The change marked a return to reproductive rights after decades of restrictions.
๐ Bucharest, Romania
IBM officially announced the end of punch card systems, marking the end of an era in data processing and the rise of digital computing platforms and magnetic storage.
๐ Armonk, New York, United States
British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher became the first woman to address a joint session of the U.S. Congress, reinforcing the U.S.-UK alliance during the Cold War era.
๐ Washington, D.C., United States
Philips and Sony produced the first commercially viable compact disc at a factory in Germany. The CD revolutionized the music industry and home media storage for decades.
๐ Langenhagen, Germany
Spain completed its withdrawal from Western Sahara, ending its colonial presence in the territory. This triggered a territorial dispute between Morocco, Mauritania, and the Sahrawi independence movement.
๐ Western Sahara
The United Arab Emirates unified the military forces of its individual emirates into a single national armed forces body, strengthening its defense capabilities and national unity.
๐ Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
LIFE magazine published its final issue as a weekly publication after decades of photojournalistic influence. It had documented some of the most defining global moments of the 20th century.
๐ New York City, United States
The Democratic Republic of the Congo declared independence from Belgium after decades of colonial rule. The event marked a significant moment in African decolonization, though it was followed by political turmoil.
๐ Kinshasa, DR Congo
Singer and actress Lena Horne signed a groundbreaking contract with MGM, becoming the first African-American woman to secure a long-term Hollywood studio deal, breaking racial barriers in entertainment.
๐ Hollywood, California, United States
The U.S. government issued the first Social Security numbers, laying the foundation for the Social Security system that would become a cornerstone of American welfare policy.
๐ Washington, D.C., United States
A massive explosion flattened over 2,000 square kilometers of Siberian forest near the Tunguska River, likely caused by the airburst of a meteoroid. It remains the largest impact event in recorded history.
๐ Tunguska, Siberia, Russia
Tower Bridge, one of London's most iconic landmarks, was officially opened by the Prince of Wales. The combined bascule and suspension bridge became an engineering marvel and symbol of the city.
๐ London, United Kingdom
Though formal recognition came later, Belgium declared its independence from the Netherlands on this day, culminating from the Belgian Revolution. The event led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
๐ Brussels, Belgium